Hunters in the Snow Essay

Friendship. What does it mean? I believe that friendship means that you’re there for a person no matter what and if they are in need then you would do anything to help them out. Hunters in the Snow doesn’t exactly define friendship. If anything it defines betrayal. Throughout this short story some of the characters do actions to their â€Å"friend.† Betrayal and loyalty is kind of the theme throughout the story and it makes a person think about who their real friends are. In Hunters in the Snow, Kenny, Tub, and Frank are all supposed to be friends, but through a couple series of events make a person wonder what exactly friendship means to them. Each one of the characters has certain traits that can lead them to betray them. Towards the end of the story, the reader starts to feel sorry for Kenny after Tub and Frank leave him in the back of the pickup while they go eat pancakes, then Frank and Tub â€Å"accidentally† make a wrong turn so they couldn’t get Kenny to hospital in time after being shot. Lack of loyalty also leads to betrayal in this short story. In the beginning, Tub and Kenny were pretty good friends, but towards the end, Kenny is almost the outcast when Tub and Frank just leave him in the back of the truck wounded while they stop and eat. Betrayal and loyalty is a key characteristic that is portrayed in Hunters in the Snow. After reading this short story it really makes on person think about the characteristics they look for in their friends. Throughout this short story it was pretty obvious that all three of the main characters lack characteristics of being a good friend, but they are all very good at backstabbing their â€Å"friends†.

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance: Introduction to Body Fluids Essay

   Fluid Compartments Water occupies two main fluid compartments Intracellular fluid (ICF) – about two thirds by volume, contained in cells Extracellular fluid (ECF) – consists of two major subdivisions Plasma – the fluid portion of the blood Interstitial fluid (IF) – fluid in spaces between cells Other ECF – lymph, cerebrospinal fluid, eye humors, synovial fluid, serous fluid, and gastrointestinal secretions Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids Water is the universal solvent Solutes are broadly classified into: Electrolytes – inorganic salts, all acids and bases, and some proteins Electrolytes determine the chemical and physical reactions of fluids Electrolytes have greater osmotic power than nonelectrolytes Water moves according to osmotic gradients Nonelectrolytes – examples include glucose, lipids, creatinine, and urea Each fluid compartment of the body has a distinctive pattern of electrolytes Extracellular fluids are similar (except for high protein content of plasma) Sodium is the chief cation Chloride is the major anion Intracellular fluids have low sodium and chloride Potassium is the chief cation Phosphate is the chief anion Proteins, phospholipids, cholesterol, and neutral fats account for: 90% of the mass of solutes in plasma 60% of the mass of solutes in interstitial fluid 97% of the mass of solutes in the intracellular compartment Fluid Movement Among Compartments Compartmental exchange is regulated by osmotic and hydrostatic pressures Net leakage of fluid from the blood is picked up by lymphatic vessels and returned to the bloodstream Exchanges between interstitial and intracellular fluids are complex due to the selective permeability of the cellular membranes Two-way water flow is substantial Ion fluxes are restricted and move selectively by active transport Nutrients, respiratory gases, and wastes move unidirectionally Plasma is the only fluid that circulates throughout the body and links external and internal environments Osmolalities of all body fluids are equal; changes in solute concentrations are quickly followed by osmotic changes Water Balance and ECF Osmolality To remain properly hydrated, water intake must equal water output Water intake sources Ingested fluid (60%) and solid food (30%) Metabolic water or water of oxidation (10%) Water output Urine (60%) and feces (4%) Insensible losses (28%), sweat (8%) Increases in plasma osmolality trigger thirst and release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Regulation of Water – Homeostaisis Intake – Hypothalmic Thirst Center Thirst is quenched as soon as we begin to drink water Feedback signals that inhibit the thirst centers include: Moistening of the mucosa of the mouth and throat Activation of stomach and intestinal stretch receptors Influence and Regulation of ADH Water reabsorption in collecting ducts is proportional to ADH release Low ADH levels produce dilute urine and reduced volume of body fluids High ADH levels produce concentrated urine Hypothalamic osmoreceptors trigger or inhibit ADH release Factors that specifically trigger ADH release include prolonged fever; excessive sweating, vomiting, or diarrhea; severe blood loss; and traumatic burns Disorders of Water Balance: Dehydration Water loss exceeds water intake and the body is in negative fluid balance Causes include: hemorrhage, severe burns, prolonged vomiting or diarrhea, profuse sweating, water deprivation, and diuretic abuse Signs and symptoms: cottonmouth, thirst, dry flushed skin, and oliguria Prolonged dehydration may lead to weight loss, fever, mental confusion Other consequences include hypovolemic shock and loss of electrolytes Hypotonic Hydration Renal insufficiency or an extraordinary amount of water ingested quickly can lead to cellular overhydration, or water intoxication ECF is diluted – sodium content is normal but excess water is present The resulting hyponatremia promotes net osmosis into tissue cells, causing swelling These events must be quickly reversed to prevent severe metabolic disturbances, particularly in neurons Edema. Atypical accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space, leading to tissue swelling Caused by anything that increases flow of fluids out of the bloodstream or hinders their return. Factors that accelerate fluid loss  include: Increased blood pressure, capillary permeability Incompetent venous valves, localized blood vessel blockage Congestive heart failure, hypertension, high blood volume Hindered fluid return usually reflects an imbalance in colloid osmotic pressures Hypoproteinemia – low levels of plasma proteins Forces fluids out of capillary beds at the arterial ends Fluids fail to return at the venous ends Results from protein malnutrition, liver disease, or glomerulonephritis Blocked (or surgically removed) lymph vessels: Cause leaked proteins to accumulate in interstitial fluid Exert increasing colloid osmotic pressure, which draws fluid from the blood Interstitial fluid accumulation results in low blood pressure and severely impaired circulation Sodium in Fluid and Electrolyte Balance Sodium holds a central position in fluid and electrolyte balance Sodium salts: Account for 90-95% of all solutes in the ECF Contribute 280 mOsm of the total 300 mOsm ECF solute concentration Sodium is the single most abundant cation in the ECF Sodium is the only cation exerting significant osmotic pressure The role of sodium in controlling ECF volume and water distribution in the body is a result of: Sodium being the only cation to exert significant osmotic pressure Sodium ions leaking into cells and being pumped out against their electrochemical gradient Sodium concentration in the ECF normally remains stable Changes in plasma sodium levels affect: Plasma volume, blood pressure ICF and interstitial fluid volumes Renal acid-base control mechanisms are coupled to sodium ion transport Regulation of Sodium Balance: Aldosterone The renin-angiotensin mechanism triggers the release of aldosterone This is mediated by juxtaglomerular apparatus, which releases renin in response to: Sympathetic nervous system stimulation Decreased filtrate osmolality Decreased stretch due to decreased blood pressure Renin catalyzes the production of angiotensin II, which prompts aldosterone release Adrenal cortical cells are directly stimulated to release aldosterone by elevated K+ levels in the ECF Aldosterone brings about its effects (diminished urine output and increased blood volume) slowly Cardiovascular System Baroreceptors Baroreceptors alert the brain of increases in blood volume (hence increased blood pressure) Sympathetic nervous system impulses to the kidneys decline Afferent arterioles dilate Glomerular filtration rate rises Sodium and water output increase This phenomenon, called pressure diuresis, decreases blood pressure Drops in systemic blood pressure lead to opposite actions and systemic blood pressure increases Since sodium ion concentration determines fluid volume, baroreceptors can be viewed as â€Å"sodium receptors† Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) Reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting: Events that promote vasoconstriction Na+ and water retention Is released in the heart atria as a response to stretch (elevated blood pressure) Has potent diuretic and natriuretic effects Promotes excretion of sodium and water Inhibits angiotensin II production Influence of Other Hormones on Sodium Balance Estrogens: Enhance NaCl reabsorption by renal tubules May cause water retention during menstrual cycles Are responsible for edema during pregnancy Progesterone: Decreases sodium reabsorption Acts as a diuretic, promoting sodium and water loss Glucocorticoids – enhance reabsorption of sodium and promote edema Regulation of Potassium Balance Relative ICF-ECF potassium ion concentration affects a cell’s resting membrane potential Excessive ECF potassium decreases membrane potential Too little K+ causes hyperpolarization and nonresponsiveness Hyperkalemia and hypokalemia can: Disrupt electrical conduction in the heart Lead to sudden death Hydrogen ions shift in and out of cells Leads to corresponding shifts in potassium in the opposite direction Interferes with activity of excitable cells Influence of Aldosterone Aldosterone stimulates potassium ion secretion by principal cells In cortical collecting ducts, for each Na+ reabsorbed, a K+ is secreted Increased K+ in the ECF around the adrenal cortex causes: Release of aldosterone –>Potassium secretion Potassium controls its own ECF concentration via feedback regulation of aldosterone release Regulation of Calcium Ionic calcium in ECF is important for: Blood clotting Cell membrane permeability Secretory behavior Hypocalcemia: Increases excitability, causes muscle tetany Hypercalcemia: inhibits neurons and muscle cells; cause heart arrhythmias Calcium balance is controlled by parathyroid hormone and calcitonin PTH promotes increase in calcium levels by targeting: Bones – PTH activates osteoclasts to break down bone matrix Small intestine – PTH enhances intestinal absorption of calcium Kidneys – PTH enhances calcium reabsorption and decreases phosphate reabsorption Calcium reabsorption and phosphate excretion go hand in hand Influence of Calcitonin Released in response to rising blood calcium levels Calcitonin is a PTH antagonist, but its contribution to calcium and phosphate homeostasis is minor to negligible Acid Base Balance Introduction to Acids and Bases Strong acids – all their H+ is dissociated completely in water Weak acids – dissociate partially in water and are efficient at preventing pH changes Strong bases – dissociate easily in water and quickly tie up H+ Weak bases – accept H+ more slowly (e.g., HCO3 ¯ and NH3) Normal pH of body fluids Arterial blood is 7.4 Venous blood and interstitial fluid is 7.35 Intracellular fluid is 7.0 Alkalosis or alkalemia – arterial blood pH rises above 7.45 Acidosis or acidemia – arterial pH drops below 7.35 (physiological acidosis) Sources of Hydrogen Ions – Most hydrogen ions originate from cellular metabolism Breakdown of phosphorus-containing proteins releases phosphoric acid into the ECF Anaerobic respiration of glucose produces lactic acid Fat metabolism yields organic acids and ketone bodies Transporting carbon dioxide as bicarbonate releases hydrogen ions Hydrogen Ion Regulation Concentration of hydrogen ions is regulated sequentially by: Chemical buffer systems – act within seconds Physiological buffer systems The respiratory center in the brain stem – acts within 1-3 minutes Renal mechanisms – require hours to days to effect pH changes Chemical Buffer Systems Bicarbonate Buffer System A mixture of carbonic acid (H2CO3) and its salt, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) (potassium or magnesium bicarbonates work as well) If strong acid is added: Hydrogen ions released combine with the bicarbonate ions and form carbonic acid (a weak acid) The pH of the solution decreases only slightly If strong base is added: It reacts with the carbonic acid to form sodium bicarbonate (a weak base) The pH of the solution rises only slightly This system is the only important ECF buffer Phosphate Buffer System Nearly identical to the bicarbonate system Its components are: Sodium salts of dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4 ¯), a weak acid Monohydrogen phosphate (HPO42 ¯), a weak base This system is an effective buffer in urine and intracellular fluid Protein Buffer System Plasma and intracellular proteins are the body’s most plentiful and powerful buffers Some amino acids of proteins have: Free organic acid groups (weak acids) Groups that act as weak bases (e.g., amino groups) Amphoteric molecules are protein molecules that can function as both a weak acid and a weak base Physiological Buffer Systems Respiratory Buffer System The respiratory system regulation of acid-base balance is a physiological buffering system There is a reversible equilibrium between: Dissolved carbon dioxide and water Carbonic acid and the hydrogen and bicarbonate ions CO2 + H2O –> H2CO3 –> H+ + HCO3 ¯ During carbon dioxide unloading, hydrogen ions are incorporated into water When hypercapnia or rising plasma H+ occurs: Deeper and more rapid breathing expels more carbon dioxide Hydrogen ion concentration is reduced Alkalosis causes slower, more shallow breathing, causing H+ to increase Respiratory system impairment causes acid-base imbalance (respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis) Renal Mechanisms of Acid-Base Balance Introduction Chemical buffers can tie up excess acids or bases, but they cannot eliminate them from the body The lungs can eliminate carbonic acid by eliminating carbon dioxide Only the kidneys can rid the body of metabolic acids (phosphoric, uric, and lactic acids and ketones) and prevent metabolic acidosis The ultimate acid-base regulatory organs are the kidneys The most important renal mechanisms for regulating acid-base balance are: Conserving (reabsorbing) or generating new bicarbonate ions Excreting bicarbonate ions Losing a bicarbonate ion is the same as gaining a hydrogen ion; reabsorbing a bicarbonate ion is the same as losing a hydrogen ion Hydrogen ion secretion occurs in the PCT Hydrogen ions come from the dissociation of carbonic acid Reabsorption of Bicarbonate CO2 combines with water in tubule cells, forming H2CO3 H2CO3 splits into H+ and HCO3- For each H+ secreted, a Na+ and a HCO3- are reabsorbed by the PCT cells Secreted H+ form H2CO3; thus, HCO3- disappears from filtrate at the same rate that it enters the peritubular capillary blood H2CO3 formed in filtrate dissociates to release CO2 + H2 CO2 then diffuses into tubule cells, where it acts to trigger further H+ secretion Hydrogen Ion Excretion Dietary H+ must be counteracted by generating new HCO3- The excreted H+ must bind to buffers in the urine (phosphate buffer system) Intercalated cells actively secrete H+ into urine, which is buffered and excreted HCO3- generated is: Moved into the interstitial space via a cotransport system Passively moved into the peritubular capillary blood In response to acidosis: Kidneys generate HCO3-and add them to the blood An equal amount of H+ are added to the urine Ammonium Ion (NH4+) Excretion This method uses NH4+ produced by the metabolism of glutamine in PCT cells Each glutamine metabolized produces two ammonium ions and two bicarbonate ions HCO3- moves to the blood and ammonium ions are excreted in urine Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis Result from failure of the respiratory system to balance pH PCO2 is the single most important indicator of respiratory inadequacy PCO2 levels – normal PCO2 fluctuates between 35 and 45 mm Hg Values above 45 mm Hg signal respiratory acidosis Values below 35 mm Hg indicate respiratory alkalosis Respiratory acidosis is the most common cause of acid-base imbalance Occurs when a person breathes shallowly, or gas exchange is hampered by diseases such as pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, or emphysema Respiratory alkalosis is a common result of hyperventilation Metabolic Acidosis All pH imbalances except those caused by abnormal blood carbon dioxide levels Metabolic acid-base imbalance – bicarbonate ion levels above or below normal (22-26 mEq/L) Metabolic acidosis is second most common cause of acid-base imbalance Typical causes are ingestion of too much alcohol and excessive loss of bicarbonate ions Other causes include accumulation of lactic acid, shock, ketosis in diabetic crisis, starvation, and kidney failure Metabolic Alkalosis Rising blood pH and bicarbonate levels indicate metabolic alkalosis Typical causes are: Vomiting of the acid contents of the stomach Intake of excess base (e.g., from antacids) Constipation, in which excessive bicarbonate is reabsorbed Respiratory and Renal Compensations Acid-base imbalance due to inadequacy of a physiological buffer system is compensated for by the other system The respiratory system will attempt to correct metabolic acid-base imbalances The kidneys will work to correct imbalances caused by respiratory disease Respiratory Compenstaion In metabolic acidosis: The rate and depth of breathing are elevated Blood pH is below 7.35 and bicarbonate level is low As carbon dioxide is eliminated by the respiratory system, PCO2 falls below normal In metabolic alkalosis: Compensation exhibits slow, shallow breathing, allowing carbon dioxide to accumulate in the blood Correction is revealed by: High pH (over 7.45) and elevated bicarbonate ion levels RisingPCO2 Renal Compensation To correct respiratory acid-base imbalance, renal mechanisms are stepped up Acidosis has high PCO2 and high bicarbonate levels The high PCO2 s the cause of acidosis The high bicarbonate levels indicate the kidneys are retaining bicarbonate to offset the acidosis Alkalosis has Low PCO2 and high pH The kidneys eliminate bicarbonate from the body by failing to reclaim it or by actively secreting it

10 Facts Worth Knowing About Noah Webster

Born in West Hartford, Connecticut on October 16, 1758, Noah Webster is best known today for his magnum opus, An American Dictionary of the English Language (1828). But as David Micklethwait reveals in Noah Webster and the American Dictionary (McFarland, 2005), lexicography wasnt Websters only great passion, and the dictionary wasnt even his best-selling book. By way of introduction, here are 10 facts worth knowing about the great American lexicographer Noah Webster. During his first career as a schoolteacher at the time of the American Revolution, Webster was concerned that most of his students textbooks came from England. So in 1783 he published his own American text, A Grammatical Institute of the English Language. The â€Å"Blue-Backed Speller,† as it was popularly known, went on to sell nearly 100 million copies over the next century.Webster subscribed to the biblical account of the origin of language, believing that all languages derived from Chaldee, an Aramaic dialect.Though he fought for a strong federal government, Webster opposed plans to include a Bill of Rights in the Constitution. Liberty is never secured with such paper declarations, he wrote, nor lost for want of them.Even though he himself borrowed shamelessly from Thomas Dilworths New Guide to the English Tongue (1740) and Samuel Johnsons Dictionary of the English Language (1755), Webster fought vigorously to protect his own work from plagiarists. His efforts led to the c reation of the first federal copyright laws in 1790.In 1793 he founded one of New York Citys first daily newspapers, American Minerva, which he edited for four years.Websters Compendious Dictionary of the English Language (1806), a forerunner of An American Dictionary, sparked a war of the dictionaries with rival lexicographer Joseph Worcester. But Worcesters Comprehensive Pronouncing and Explanatory English Dictionary didnt stand a chance. Websters work, with 5,000 words not included in British dictionaries and with definitions based on the usage of American writers, soon became the recognized authority.In 1810, he published a booklet on global warming titled â€Å"Are Our Winters Getting Warmer?†Although Webster is credited for introducing such distinctive American spellings as color, humor, and center (for British colour, humour, and centre), many of his innovative spellings (including masheen for machine and yung for young) failed to catch on. See Noah Websters Plan to Re form English Spelling.Webster was one of the principal founders of Amherst College in Massachusetts.In 1833 he published his own edition of the Bible, updating the vocabulary of the King James Version and cleansing it of any words that he thought might be considered offensive, especially for females. In 1966, Websters restored birthplace and childhood home in West Hartford was reopened as a museum, which you can visit online at the Noah Webster House West Hartford Historical Society. After the tour, you may feel inspired to browse through the original edition of Websters American Dictionary of the English Language.

Essay Samples on Motivation Options

Essay Samples on Motivation Options The Essay Samples on Motivation Cover Up Intrinsically motivated folks are naturally motivated when they're striving toward personal, meaningful targets, which require continuous amount of difficulty or challenge. Visualization is scientifically proven to boost your chances of successfully reaching your targets. The motivation system should give every participant with a chance to choose reward methods in accord with his private scale of values. Firstly, satisfaction of workers is extremely important. Therefore, other forms of motivation have to be introduced to generate the workers more comfortable at work Workers ought to be involved in designing the kinds of motivation to be offered to them. Every company and organization would like to attain their targets and has a desire to develop into successful. As a way to adjust to the society that's full of challenges and competition, employees need adequate training to create personal abilities and then acquire a feeling of achievement and advancement. What You Need to Do About Essay Samples on Motivation Starting in the Next Five Minutes When you surf our site for recommendations that might help you write your own essay, you will discover many helpful tips. If you wish to receive a high score in your essay, do your very best to present new thoughts and support your opinions. All you have to do is specify if you want your essay to be delivered. A college essay can be quite difficult so there isn't any reason to feel awkward when seeking help. Because you are interested in getting the essay to communicate the ideal information about you, you have to do thorough preparation for the sample college admission essays to attain its purposes. Review what you've been requested to address in your essay Sometimes educational institutions wish to learn more than just your career targets. If you understand what you will create GMAT essay, be sure you search the world wide web and read more books. Besides freshmen, there are specific college essays which will pose plenty of problem for students. Finding the Best Essay Samples on Motivation Becoming skilled at motivation is able to help you survive any storms which come along. The conscious portion of personality can influence somebody to execute extremely well for the intent of raising to a higher ranks in sports. It isn't necessary to to fulfil all the requirements of every level. There are five primary needs, which people should uphold. With time, folks become extremely enthusiastic about the use of motivation in their lives. Be it in school or at work, the reason folks persevere lies on the urge to attain a particular aim. Everyone should be self motivated. It's very beneficial to take writing apart so as to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. It is not hard to decide on a goal we do it all the moment. Maybe work'' is just a few smaller tasks for a couple of minutes daily, but little progress is far better than no progress in any way. As a consequence, spending money to deal with your essays could possibly be challenging. Motivation essay is a significant paper which makes a student think about methods and ways of appropriate motivation. It is one which gives the inspiration to achieve our goals. It is a way to encourage oneself and others to purposeful action aimed at achieving the goal. Motivation and Enjoyment Learning on the web is effective because it's fun. There's a greater chance you will accomplish your aims by writing them down. Such feedback is known as evaluative feedback. Students must set their own achievement objectives, in regard to grades based on their general subject outcome. Lack of time Unlike in high school, they do not have a lot of time to write essays in college. Consequently, most students prefer to seek out external aid so as to enhance their grades. Absence of resources A normal college student doesn't have the necessary academic resources necessary to compose an essay.

The Is The Trojan Horse - 1328 Words

In the book Horror in Architecture, horror is defined in various ways, from horror being the truth about abstraction to horror reorienting the notion that what exists is not necessarily all that might be. Eight different typologies of horror are identified which includes Doubles and Clones, Exquisite Corpse, Partially and Mostly Dead, Reiteration and Reflexivity, Incontinent Object, Trojan Horse, Homunculism and Gigantism, Solidity, Mass, Stereotomy, Distortion, and Disproportion. The typology I’ll be basing my argument on is the Trojan Horse which has been defined by Joshua Comaroff and Ong Ker-Shing as a less obvious but equally disconcerting form of duality. It can also be perceived as a lack of indication about what is going on within. This paper intends to discuss the Trojan Horse typology of horror through the works of the architect Zaha Hadid who has produced a number of projects that fit into the Trojan Horse typology of horror. Projects which include the Vitra Fi re station in Weil am Rhein, the MAXXI museum in Rome and the 1st floor interior design she did for the Hotel Puerta America in Madrid, Spain illustrate the Trojan Horse typology because they have unpredictable interior spaces which subjects the exterior to some kind of random or stylistic treatment. Hadid was given full leeway to design the 1st floor of Hotel Puerta America. The interior life of this project can be seen as the creation of an internal environment that shuns the exterior expression.Show MoreRelatedThe Trojan Horse1296 Words   |  6 PagesThe Trojan Horse was the ultimate sneak attack, bringing a city that would withstood nine years of battle to its knees. â€Å"I want to find out whether there was any real history behind that myth and in particular whether there was any real history behind the Trojan Horse,† says Edith Hall. In the epic poem, the Greeks set out for Troy to rescue Queen Helen, whose face â€Å"launched a thousand ships. 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Why would the Trojans bring in a gift (A wooden horse carrying Greek warriors inside) from the people who have been trying to kill them for ten years? A good guess would be that it was an inside job. Someone from inside the city of Troy probably let the Greeks inside the city, so there is no way they accepted this gift from the Greeks. It isRead MoreSilicon Particles As Trojan Horses For Potential Cancer Therapy1457 Words   |  6 PagesSilicon Particles as Trojan Horses for Potential Cancer Therapy Published in the Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 2014. Web link: http://www.jnanobiotechnology.com/content/12/1/35 Authors: Roberto Fenollosa; Eduardo Garcia-Rico; Susana Alvarez; Rosana Alvarez, Xiang Yu; Isabel Rodriguez; Susana Carregal-Romero; Carlos Villanueva; Manuel Garcia-Algar; Pilar Rivera-Gil; Angel R de Lera; Wolfgang J Parak; Francisco Meseguer; Ramà ³n A Alvarez-Puebla. Summary Cancer is a disease that involves abnormalRead MoreThe Disparaging Trojan Horse Of Ignorance Will Discretely Overtake Any Organization1834 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION Process improvement and quality management are vital aspect in every industry of business, and if ignored, then the disparaging Trojan horse of ignorance will discretely overtake any organization. Supply chain specialists, however, will have the training and expertise to give proper focus and attention to improving processes and managing quality. Several approaches may be used when implementing a process or quality improvement initiative. Some of these approaches include Accelerated

Themes in Romeo and Juliet free essay sample

Everyone is affected by love in his or her own ways. William Shakespeare uses his intelligence to deeply describe the characters and how they make their next decision for one another. In Romeo and Juliet, the three important themes that are used throughout the play are the aspect of love, fate, and time and haste. In this paper I will be showing the three main themes in Romeo and Juliet and how those themes had effect on the characters in the play. The aspect of love is a major theme that can be found in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. Throughout the story many characters have relationships between each other. Courtly love, which is a type of love, is presented throughout the play. Courtly love is an old medieval tradition that defined what love was and showed the code of behavior for lovers (Brodwin 493). The lover usually falls in love at first sight and is usually not between husband and wife. Its usually between boyfriend and girlfriend and is a very emotional relationship. Romeos love for Rosaline is based on a courtly relationship only meeting once their love for each other was very strong. Rosaline never appeared on stage and the distance between Romeo and Rosaline builds an allusion that she soon is unaware of Romeos existence. Romeo suffers through his emotion because he feels that she thinks that he doesn’t exist (Hacht 774). Romeo and Juliet’s love for each other also deals with courtly love. They fall in love at first sights just like Romeo and Rosaline. There challenges only strengthen their love between each other where in most cases it usually weakens (Hacht 774). Romeo takes his love farther than just courtly love as for Rosaline they stopped there. Romeo and Juliet have great feeling for each other and have a love that has a spiritual quality (Hacht 774). They also have a clandestine relationship with each other. Romeo and Juliet only meeting at night and telling no one but the Nurse and Friar Laurence. Meeting only at night has a special significance on their love for each other. Juliet uses very strong words to describe her love for Juliet when he is on top of the balcony (Shakespeare). Juliet says: â€Å"But soft! What light through yonder window breaks? It is the East, and Juliet is the sun! . .. her eyes in heaven Would through the airy region stream so bright That birds would sing and think it were not night. . . O, Speak again, bright angel! For thou art As Glorious to this night, being o’er my head, As is a winged messenger of heaven† (Shakespeare Act II. ii. 2-3, 20-2, 26-8). What Juliet means by this is she converts the terrors of night to glory. She compares Romeo to a bright angel because Juliet thinks he is the greatest man she has every meet. Juliet is saying that Romeo is filled with lots of aspects and that in her eyes he is almost like a god to her. When Romeo hears this great, beautiful, long description from Juliet Romeo then say: â€Å"I have nights cloak to hide me from their sight; And but thou love me, let me find me here. My life were better ended by their hate Than death prorogued, wanting of thy love† (Shakespeare Act II. Ii. 75-8). Romeo just tells Juliet how she is so beautiful and at the darkness of the night is where their true love is the strongest. In the play there are some characters that have a sexual love and also a contractual love. The Nurse and Mercutio have a love that is not courtly love but sexual love that is shown throughout the play (Hacht 774). Mercutio in the story just uses the Nurse to satisfy his needs and doesn’t stay long enough with her to find out what she really feels about him (Hacht 774). There is also contractual love that is presented in the story between the main characters. The Capulet’s insists that Juliet must marry Paris. So the Nurse tells Juliet that she has to forget about Romeo and to marry Paris. â€Å"This is contractual love-marrying someone for rational reason, whether it be for money, title, or land† (Hacht 774). In Romeo and Juliet fate was a theme that appeared a lot throughout the play. â€Å"From the opening lines in the prologue to the last act, the characters are helpless to do anything other than what fate directs them to do† (Hacht 776). Every event that has happened in the play was turned around by the characters fate. There were some events in the story that played a huge role on how the outcome of the story ended. Fate plays a huge role between the two main characters Romeo and Juliet. When Romeo goes to the Capulet’s party to go meet Rosaline, fate plays a role on Romeo. Instead of falling in love with Rosaline he sees a beautiful young girl named Juliet. Romeo instantly falls in love with Juliet at first sight of her. If the Capulets had not forced Juliet to marry Paris she would have never had to fake her death. Then Romeo would have not have been so scared form this and would have swallowed the poison (Hacht 776). With Juliet just waking up a few minutes early they would have lived a happy life and they both wouldn’t have died. Fate plays against Friar Lawrence in many ways throughout the story. â€Å"While the coming together of Romeo and Juliet ultimately does end the feud it is their deaths and not their love that brings the two families together† (Hacht 776). When Romeo meets Juliet he instantly falls in love and wants to get married to Juliet. Friar Lawrence hears about Romeo wanting to get married and believes this might end in a feud between the Montague’s and the Capulet’s. Fate puts a switch into the situation with the feud between the two families. Even though Friar Lawrence tried so hard to make their love work for each other it’s him who brings their death (Hacht 776). â€Å"I could not send it – here it is again – Nor get a messenger to bring it thee, So fearful were they of infection† (Shakespeare 232). Fate plays against Friar Lawrence when the letter he sends gets held up and is not delivered to Romeo in time. This causes the whole play to get twisted around and go in a different direction. Romeo does everything that he could to help out Juliet but some obstacle always gets in his way. â€Å"Even though Romeo extends the love he has for Juliet to her kinsman, fate again steps into the picture† (Hacht 776). Mercutio is very protective of Romeo and he decides that there should be a battle between him and Tybalt and not Romeo. If had Mercutio had held his temper, Romeo could have walked away and Tybalt could have put his sword away (Hacht 776). If this was done it could have changed the whole story and Tybalt and Mercutio would have not had died. â€Å"Time is the enemy even more than chance; it presses in upon the lovers in countless ways-the dawn brings the threat of discovery; a bare second enables the envious sword of Tybalt to fell Mercutio: the marriage date foreshortened by a capricious Capulet demands swift counterplans and decisions, which bring, in turn, disaster† (Scott 466). If only Romeo had declared fighting after Mercutio’s death then Romeo and Juliet would have been spared. Juliet wouldn’t have had to fake her death if the Capulet’s hadn’t forced her to marry Paris. Also if Romeo had not acted so quickly after seeing Juliet dead he wouldn’t have taken the poison. Or if Juliet woken up a few minutes early Romeo and Juliet both would have survived (Scott 466). William Shakespeare made the play Romeo and Juliet happen with his one ability. â€Å"In Romeo and Juliet the young Shakespeare learned the craft of creating on stage the illusion of passing time† (Driver 487). Before every act and scene there is a prologue that makes us see something that really happened which helps speed up the time. â€Å"Two households, both alike in dignity, In fair Verona, where we lay our scene, From ancient grudge break to new mutiny, Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean† (Shakespeare Prologue, 1-4). This is the first prologue which sets us with were the story takes place and a little about what is going on. Shakespeare made this story be obligated to be as faithful to the clock as possible. In Romeo and Juliet it contains no less then 103 references to the time of the action that tells the audience what day things take place and some earlier and later things that happen (Driver 487). William Shakespeare used two ways to compress his actions into the play. His first thing was he had to shorten the length of the action from nine months to just around four or five days. The enabled him to account all the â€Å"real† time in the story. The second thing Shakespeare did was he made very short scenes on the stage that accounted for very long periods of â€Å"real† time. Shakespeare was a master at doing this effect which is called â€Å"double† time (Driver 488). With Shakespeare ability of doing this makes the story so time so accurate. â€Å"Two or three days of â€Å"real† time are required to pass in order to make sense of the action: Romeo must be exiled, Friar Laurence must put his plan for Juliet’s false death into effect, messengers must travel, family must grieve, and a funeral be held† (Driver 488). This shows how time in Romeo and Juliet had so much effect on the story. The characters in Romeo and Juliet display a theme of haste by their actions that they represent. The speed in the action that takes place within the characters expresses the haste theme. â€Å"Act III, scene I now brings the street fight in which Mercutio is killed, and speed in the action is again accompanied by lines which express the haste theme† (Stirling 492). The decisions that Romeo made after Mercutio’s death, was an example of haste. Another big example that led to the tragic conclusion of the death of both Romeo and Juliet was there decisions that they made (Stirling 492). If Romeo had not made the hasty decisions of killing himself upon seeing the death of Juliet, the ending of the story would have gone differently. In Romeo and Juliet, the three important themes that are used throughout the play are the aspects of love, fate, and time and haste. William Shakespeare used all three of these themes throughout the story and had great effect on how the story ended. Each theme in the story relates to each character in someway whether it’s through love, hate, or even fate. The decisions made by Romeo and Juliet had the greatest effect on the story. It wasn’t their hate that got them into trouble it was the fate that acted a bond them. Some of the themes even relate to the prologue and the decisions made by the characters.

Looking Out For The State Of The Publics Satisfaction In The Es

Looking out for the state of the publics satisfaction in the scheme of capital sentencing does not constitute serving justice. Todays system of capital punishment is frought with inequalities and injustices. The commonly offered arguments for the death penalty are filled with holes. It was a deterrent. It removed killers. It was the ultimate punishment. It is biblical. It satisfied the publics need for retribution. It relieved the anguish of the victims family.(Grisham 120) Realistically, imposing the death penalty is expensive and time consuming. Retroactively, it has yet to be proven as a deterrent. Morally, it is a continuation of the cycle of violence and ...degrades all who are involved in its enforcement, as well as its victim.(Stewart 1) Perhaps the most frequent argument for capital punishment is that of deterrence. The prevailing thought is that imposition of the death penalty will act to dissuade other criminals from committing violent acts. Numerous studies have been created attempting to prove this belief; however, [a]ll the evidence taken together makes it hard to be confident that capital punishment deters more than long prison terms do.(Cavanagh 4) Going ever farther, Bryan Stevenson, the executive director of the Montgomery based Equal Justice Initiative, has stated that people are increasingly realizing that the more we resort to killing as a legitimate response to our frustration and anger with violence, the more violent our society becomesWe could execute all three thousand people on death row, and most people would not feel any safer tomorrow.(Frame 51) In addition, with the growing humanitarianism of modern society, the number of inmates actually put to death is substantially lower than 50 years ago. This decline creates a situation in which the death penalty ceases to be a deterrent when the populace begins to think that one can get away with a crime and go unpunished. Also, the less that the death sentence is used, the more it becomes unusual, thus coming in conflict with the eighth amendment. This is essentially a paradox, in which the less the death penalty is used, the less society can legally use it. The end result is a punishment that ceases to deter any crime at all. The key part of the death penalty is that it involves death -- something which is rather permanent for humans, due to the concept of mortality. This creates a major problem when there continue to be many instances of innocent people being sentenced to death.(Tabak 38) In our legal system, there exist numerous ways in which justice might be poorly served for a recipient of the death sentence. Foremost is in the handling of his own defense counsel. In the event that a defendant is without counsel, a lawyer will be provided. Attorneys appointed to represent indigent capital defendants frequently lack the qualities necessary to provide a competent defense and sometimes have exhibited such poor character that they have subsequently been disbarred.(Tabak 37). With payment caps or court determined sums of, for example, $5 an hour, there is not much incentive for a lawyer to spend a great deal of time representing a capital defendant. When you compare this to the prosecution, aided by the police, other law enforcement agencies, crime labs, state mental hospitals, various other scientific resources, prosecutors experienced in successfully handling capital cases, compulsory process, and grand juries(Tabak 37), the defense that the court appointed counsel can offer is puny. If, in fact, a defendant has a valid case to offer, what chance has he to offer it and have it properly recognized. Furthermore, why should he be punished for a misjustice that was created by the court itself when it appointed the incapable lawyer. Even if a defendant has proper legal counsel, there is still the matter of impartiality of judges. The Supreme Court has steadily reduced the availability of habeas corpus review of capital convictions, placing its confidence in the notion that state judges, who take the same oath of office as federal judges to uphold the Constitution, can be trusted to enforce it.(Bright 768) This makes for the biased trying of a defendants appeals, given the overwhelming pressure on elected state judges to heed, and perhaps even lead to, the popular cries for the death of criminal defendants.(Bright 769) Thirty two of the states that impose the death penalty also employ the popular election of judges, and several of these even have judges run with party affiliations. This creates a deeply political justice system -- the words alone are a paradox. Can society simply brush off mistaken execution as an incidental cost in the greater scheme of putting a criminal to death? Revenge is an unworthy